I have a friend who works at an elite private school here in SF. We talk a lot about race and children and talking to kids about race. She does everything she can as a White person to make sure the kids she teaches are aware of how race affects their lives. This is especially important since most of the kids she teaches are White.
She told us about a recent episode that happened at school. As part of an after school activity with a group of 3rd graders, kids were asked to describe their skin color. She told me the list of colors went something like this: Peach, Peach, Tan, Chicken(!), Peach, Tan.
We all laughed. I still laugh. Occasionally, my husband will mention chicken colored skin and we’ll laugh. We joke, “Did she mean raw chicken or cooked chicken?” Describing White skin as the color of chicken is so honest in the way only kids can be.
I have two young kids. At three-and-a-half, my oldest son is just at the point where we can talk about structural differences. For example, this year for MLK Day activities, following the lead of his preschool, we began to talk about “only” laws — only White people could sit in the front of the bus, only White people could drink at certain water fountains, only White kids could attend certain schools.
At 3. 5, his sense of fairness is highly active. Most 3-year-olds are highly attuned to fairness. It’s a developmental milestone for them, which makes it an easy starting point to talk about behavior (e. g. it’s not fair that you get a turn and your brother doesn’t) and difference (e. g. (It’s not fair that Black kids couldn’t use the same water fountain as White kids.)
It’s taken me a long time to find the right words to describe skin color, especially White skin color, because I have two young children and care about racial justice. Our family is a mostly-White family. I identify as multi-racial but my skin is phenotypically White.
I want my kids to recognize White as a racialized group just like Black, Asian, Hispanic, Latinx, Indigenous peoples, etc. In an effort to de-center Whiteness, I attempt to name it as often as I can.Admittedly, though, not as often as I should. I get caught assuming White as normative — as the reference group against which racial difference is judged — and therefore often forget to name Whiteness. It’s one of the things I’m working on for myself.
Most often, we use food to describe skin color with our kids. My kids are young and food is something that is familiar and understandable. So, it was something they, or at least my oldest, easily latched on to when describing skin colors.
In our family, my oldest son is the color of a sugar cookie. My skin is the color of a snickerdoodle because it has a little bit of cinnamon in it. Daddy is the color of a shortbread cookie. Raymond…right now he’s a sugar cookie too. We’ll see how he wants to describe his skin color in a few years.
As part of my effort to become better at recognizing and naming Whiteness, I’ve spent a lot of time finding words to describe White. I have a Pinterest board with color descriptions, I go through color swatches when we make trips to the hardware store, I collect words to describe the endless variation in White skin color to my kids and the kids in my life. Some recent favorites: honey milk, parmesan, ginger pudding, and, maybe…chicken.
I’m on the fence about including chicken. It feels like it could be interpreted as a pejorative, but I also think it could be heard as the humorous and insightful description it is. Ultimately, I think it depends on the delivery and the relationship to the person delivering. I don’t want to demean or humiliate White folks by describing them as chicken-colored. At the same time I think it’s a (potentially) funny way to open a dialogue about racial difference, which is something I’m always hoping to do.
Because another thing that jumps out about the colors the White kids at my friend’s school used to describe their skin is the lack of variation. We need White kids to be able to have a vocabulary for talking about Whiteness, and I think the first step is helping them see Whiteness and the variations in White skin. This leads to some obvious questions, like “Why do we group people into categories like ‘White’ and ‘Black’ when our skin is all different colors?” And that in turn opens the door for a conversation about the structural inequalities tied to race.
So, continuing that line of reasoning, I thought I’d write a blog post on the color of chicken. White folks, what are your thoughts on being described as chicken-colored? What are the words you use to describe White skin color in your families, schools, communities? I’d love to hear your thoughts.
Chicken feathers come in a rainbow of colors, ranging from black and white to red, brown, buff, gray, lavender and more. The specific color of a chicken depends on its breed, genetics, diet and age. Understanding chicken feather colors provides insight into breeds and chicken genetics.
Common Chicken Feather Colors
Here are some of the most common feather colors seen in backyard chickens
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Black – Solid black feathering, caused by melanin pigment. Common in Australorps, Orpingtons and Silkies.
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Blue: A black-and-gray color that comes from black pigment that has been watered down. Blue dogs include Wyandottes and Andalusians.
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Brown – Shades of brown caused by melanin. Includes reddish-browns, chocolate browns, buffs and more. Dominant in Plymouth Rocks, Orpingtons and Rhode Island Reds.
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White – Lack of pigment produces solid white feathers. Dominant in Leghorns, Sussex and Silkies.
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Red – Varying shades of reddish-brown caused by melanin. Seen in Rhode Island Reds, Buckeyes and Jersey Giants.
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Gray – Mix of white and diluted black pigment. Occurs in Silkies, Blue Andalusians and Lavender Orpingtons.
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Buff – Golden orange shade caused by pigment. Dominant in Buff Orpingtons.
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Silver: White feathers that look like metal because of their structure. Seen in Wyandottes and Lakenvelders.
What Determines Chicken Feather Color?
Chicken feather color is influenced by:
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Genetics – Each chicken has genetic factors that control pigment production and expression. This determines the base color and patterns.
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Breed – Specific breeds have been selectively bred for certain feather colors and patterns over time.
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Diet – Diet can impact feather color, especially carotenoid pigments from feed that produce reddish hues.
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Age – Chickens often fade or get lighter feathers as they molt and age. Younger chickens may be darker.
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Health – Sickness and stress can impact melanin and cause paler feather coloring.
Common Chicken Breeds by Color
Here are some chicken breeds categorized by their most common feather colors:
Black
- Australorp
- Ayam Cemani
- Jersey Giant
- Orpington
- Silkie
White
- Leghorn
- Minorca
- Silkie
- Sussex
Brown
- Australorp
- Brahma
- Buckeye
- Chantecler
- Jersey Giant
- Marans
- Orpington
- Plymouth Rock
- Rhode Island Red
- Wyandotte
Red
- Buckeye
- Cornish
- Malay
- New Hampshire Red
- Rhode Island Red
- Sussex
Gray
- Andalusian
- Cochin
- Silkie
Buff
- Brahma
- Orpington
- Plymouth Rock
Silver
- Lakenvelder
- Hamburg
- Polish
- Sebright
- Wyandotte
Genetics Behind Chicken Feather Color
The main pigments that produce chicken feather colors are:
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Melanin – Produces black, browns, reds.
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Carotenoids – Produces yellows, oranges.
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Porphyrins – Produces reds, browns.
Specific genes control the production, distribution and dilution of these pigments. Selective breeding leads to breeds fixed for certain colors and patterns.
Some examples of color genetics:
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The C gene produces black vs yellow skin and feathers.
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The E gene dilutes black to produce blue/gray shades.
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The S gene produces silver/white markings.
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The Ig gene dilutes red shades to produce fawn and cream.
Do Chicken Feather Colors Change?
Chicken feather colors can change as the bird ages for a few reasons:
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Molting – Chickens gradually replace all feathers during the annual molt. New feathers may emerge a different shade.
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Fading – Sun exposure, abrasion and other wear can cause feathers to fade over time.
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Stress – Stress and illness can impact pigment production leading to paler colors.
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Diet Change – Carotenoid intake affects red/yellow hues. A change in diet can change feather color.
Perfecta Oxholm Perfecta identifies as multiracial and explores race, parenting, and more worthwhile topics on her blog.
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A chickens earlobe can tell you the color of the egg!
FAQ
What color is a chicken?
There are a huge range of feather colors for chickens, from the Ayam Cemani’s deep, shiny black to the Silkie’s delicate, creamy white. These body colors are not just for aesthetics; they also reflect the breed’s genetic heritage and can influence their adaptation to different environments.
What color meat is chicken?
Chicken is a widely consumed white meat. Various factors have resulted in debate centering on the definition of white and red meat. Dark meat is used to describe darker-colored flesh.
What color is chicken supposed to be?
Chicken meat cooks to a creamy-white color—unlike the more robust hues of cooked beef, pork, or lamb.